Comprehensive Health Guide: A-Z Diseases, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Home Management

Welcome to our comprehensive health guide, where we provide an extensive guide on various diseases from A-Z. Whether you’re looking for information about common ailments or rare conditions, we’ve got you covered. Our goal is to empower you with knowledge about different diseases, their symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and effective home management strategies. From arthritis to zoonotic infections, we delve into each disease, offering insights into their descriptions, symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and practical steps you can take to manage them from the comfort of your own home. Get ready to explore a wealth of information and take charge of your health as we navigate through the alphabet of diseases together.

Comprehensive health guide A-Z

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Asthma	Chronic respiratory condition	Wheezing, shortness of breath	Lung function tests, medical history	Avoid triggers, use inhalers, follow treatment plan
Alzheimer’s disease	Progressive neurological disorder	Memory loss, cognitive decline	Clinical evaluation, imaging tests	Supportive care, medication management, cognitive exercises
Arthritis	Inflammation of the joints	Joint pain, stiffness	Physical examination, X-rays	Manage pain, exercise, physical therapy
Appendicitis	Inflammation of the appendix	Abdominal pain, fever	Clinical evaluation, imaging tests	Surgical removal of the appendix
Allergies	Overreaction of the immune system to allergens	Sneezing, itching, hives	Clinical evaluation, allergy tests	Avoid triggers, take antihistamines, allergy shots
Anemia	Decreased red blood cell count	Fatigue, weakness	Blood tests	Iron-rich diet, supplements if necessary
Acne	Skin condition characterized by pimples	Pimples, blackheads	Clinical evaluation, skin examination	Maintain good hygiene, topical treatments
Anxiety	Mental health disorder	Excessive worry, restlessness	Psychological evaluation	Therapy, relaxation techniques, stress management

B

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Bronchitis	Inflammation of the bronchial tubes	Cough, phlegm	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Rest, stay hydrated, use cough suppressants
Bipolar disorder	Mental health condition	Mood swings, energy fluctuations	Psychological evaluation	Medication management, therapy, lifestyle adjustments
Burns	Tissue damage caused by heat or chemicals	Redness, blisters	Clinical evaluation, burn assessment	First aid, wound care, pain management
Bell’s palsy	Facial muscle weakness or paralysis	Facial drooping, difficulty speaking	Clinical evaluation	Medication, physical therapy, protect the affected side
Breast cancer	Malignant tumor in breast tissue	Breast lump, nipple changes	Mammogram, biopsy	Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Bacterial meningitis	Infection causing inflammation of the meninges	Headache, fever, stiff neck	Lumbar puncture, medical history	Hospitalization, antibiotic treatment, manage symptoms
Bladder infection	Infection of the urinary bladder	Frequent urination, pain or burning	Urine analysis, urine culture	Antibiotics, drink plenty of water
Bulimia nervosa	Eating disorder characterized by bingeing	Bingeing, purging	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Therapy, nutritional counseling, support system

C

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Common cold	Viral infection of the upper respiratory tract	Sneezing, runny nose	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Rest, drink fluids, manage symptoms, practice good hygiene
Chronic kidney disease	Progressive loss of kidney function	Fatigue, fluid retention	Blood tests, medical history	Medication management, dialysis, dietary restrictions
Cataracts	Clouding of the eye’s lens	Blurred vision, sensitivity to light	Eye examination	Surgery, vision aids
Colorectal cancer	Malignant tumor in the colon or rectum	Abdominal pain, blood in stool	Colonoscopy, medical history	Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Chlamydia	Sexually transmitted infection	Genital discharge, pain	Clinical evaluation, lab tests	Antibiotics, safe sex practices
Chickenpox	Viral infection causing itchy rash	Rash, fever	Clinical evaluation, characteristic rash	Relieve itching, maintain good personal hygiene
Cystic fibrosis	Genetic disorder affecting the lungs and pancreas	Persistent cough, poor weight gain	Genetic testing	Medication management, airway clearance techniques
Conjunctivitis	Inflammation of the conjunctiva	Redness, eye discharge	Clinical evaluation, eye examination	Warm compresses, eye drops

D

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Diabetes	Chronic metabolic disorder	Frequent urination, fatigue	Blood sugar tests, HbA1c test	Blood sugar management, diet control, regular exercise
Dengue fever	Viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes	High fever, severe headache	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Rest, stay hydrated, manage symptoms, avoid mosquito bites
Depression	Mental health disorder	Persistent sadness, loss of interest	Psychological evaluation	Therapy, medication management, self-care activities
Dementia	Progressive decline in cognitive function	Memory loss, disorientation	Clinical evaluation, cognitive tests	Supportive care, memory aids, daily routines
Diarrhea	Frequent, loose bowel movements	Abdominal cramps, dehydration	Clinical evaluation, stool analysis	Oral rehydration, rest, maintain good hygiene
Deep vein thrombosis	Blood clot formation in deep veins	Leg pain, swelling	Doppler ultrasound, medical history	Blood thinners, compression stockings, leg elevation
Down syndrome	Genetic disorder causing developmental delays	Intellectual disability, distinctive facial features	Genetic testing	Early intervention programs, therapy, support network
Diverticulitis	Inflammation of the diverticula in the colon	Abdominal pain, fever	Clinical evaluation, imaging tests	Antibiotics, clear liquid diet, rest
Dry eye syndrome	Insufficient tear production or poor tear quality	Dryness, eye irritation	Clinical evaluation, eye examination	Artificial tears, avoid eye irritants

E

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Eczema	Inflammatory skin condition	Itching, rash	Clinical evaluation, skin examination	Moisturize skin, avoid triggers, use prescribed treatments
Epilepsy	Neurological disorder causing seizures	Seizures, loss of consciousness	EEG, medical history	Medication management, seizure precautions
Endometriosis	Condition where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus	Pelvic pain, heavy periods	Clinical evaluation, imaging tests	Pain management, hormone therapy, surgical interventions
Erectile dysfunction	Inability to achieve or maintain an erection	Difficulty achieving erection	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Medication, counseling, lifestyle changes
E. coli infection	Bacterial infection causing gastrointestinal symptoms	Abdominal pain, diarrhea	Stool culture, medical history	Rest, stay hydrated, antibiotics if necessary
Ectopic pregnancy	Implantation of the embryo outside the uterus	Abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding	Ultrasound, medical history	Surgery, medication, medical intervention
Emphysema	Lung condition causing shortness of breath	Breathlessness, cough	Lung function tests, imaging tests	Smoking cessation, medication management
Esophageal cancer	Malignant tumor in the esophagus	Difficulty swallowing, weight loss	Endoscopy, biopsy	Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Ear infection	Infection of the middle ear	Ear pain, hearing loss	Clinical evaluation, otoscope examination	Antibiotics, pain management, ear drops

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Fibromyalgia	Chronic pain disorder	Widespread pain, fatigue	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Pain management, exercise, stress reduction
Food poisoning	Illness caused by consuming contaminated food	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Rest, stay hydrated, avoid solid foods
Frostbite	Tissue damage due to freezing temperatures	Numbness, skin discoloration	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Warm affected area slowly, avoid rubbing
Fungal nail infection	Infection of the nails caused by fungi	Thickened, discolored nails	Clinical evaluation, nail sample analysis	Antifungal medications, proper nail hygiene
Fatty liver disease	Accumulation of fat in the liver	Fatigue, abdominal discomfort	Blood tests, imaging tests	Weight loss, healthy diet, avoid alcohol
Fracture	Broken bone	Pain, swelling, deformity	X-rays, physical examination	Immobilization, pain management, rehabilitation
Friedreich’s ataxia	Genetic disorder affecting the nervous system	Balance problems, muscle weakness	Genetic testing	Symptom management, physical therapy
Flu	Highly contagious viral infection	Fever, cough, body aches	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Rest, stay hydrated, manage symptoms

G

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)	Acid reflux and heartburn	Heartburn, regurgitation	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Dietary modifications, medication management
Gout	Inflammatory arthritis due to uric acid buildup	Joint pain, swelling	Clinical evaluation, joint fluid analysis	Medication management, lifestyle changes
Glaucoma	Eye condition causing optic nerve damage	Vision loss, eye pain	Eye examination, tonometry	Eye drops, medication management, regular eye exams
Gingivitis	Inflammation of the gums	Red, swollen gums	Dental examination, clinical evaluation	Good oral hygiene, regular dental cleanings
Gastritis	Inflammation of the stomach lining	Abdominal pain, nausea	Clinical evaluation, endoscopy	Medication management, dietary modifications
Gallstones	Hardened deposits in the gallbladder	Abdominal pain, jaundice	Ultrasound, medical history	Medication, surgery, dietary changes
Genital herpes	Sexually transmitted infection	Blisters, itching, pain	Clinical evaluation, lab tests	Antiviral medication, safe sex practices
Guillain-Barré syndrome	Rare neurological disorder	Muscle weakness, tingling	Clinical evaluation, nerve tests	Supportive care, physical therapy, monitoring
Graves’ disease	Autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland	Weight loss, tremors	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Medication management, radioactive iodine therapy

H

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Hypertension	High blood pressure	Headaches, dizziness	Blood pressure measurement	Lifestyle changes, medication management
Heart attack	Blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle	Chest pain, shortness of breath	Clinical evaluation, ECG	Emergency medical care, medication, lifestyle changes
Hemorrhoids	Swollen blood vessels in the rectum	Rectal bleeding, discomfort	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Increase fiber intake, topical treatments
Hepatitis	Inflammation of the liver	Fatigue, jaundice	Blood tests, medical history	Rest, medication management, avoid alcohol
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection	Sexually transmitted infection	Genital warts, abnormal Pap smear	Clinical evaluation, HPV testing	Vaccination, safe sex practices
Hay fever	Allergic reaction to airborne substances	Sneezing, itchy eyes	Clinical evaluation, allergy tests	Allergen avoidance, antihistamines
Hypothyroidism	Underactive thyroid gland	Fatigue, weight gain	Blood tests, medical history	Hormone replacement therapy, lifestyle adjustments
Heatstroke	Overheating of the body due to excessive heat	High body temperature, dizziness	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Move to a cool place, hydration, cooling measures
Huntington’s disease	Genetic disorder causing progressive brain damage	Movement, cognitive problems	Genetic testing	Supportive care, therapy, symptom management

I

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Influenza	Viral respiratory infection	Fever, cough, body aches	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Rest, stay hydrated, manage symptoms
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)	Chronic gastrointestinal disorder	Abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Dietary modifications, stress management
Insomnia	Sleep disorder characterized by difficulty sleeping	Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep	Clinical evaluation, sleep diary	Sleep hygiene, relaxation techniques, lifestyle adjustments
Impetigo	Highly contagious skin infection	Red sores, honey-colored crusts	Clinical evaluation, swab tests	Antibacterial ointments, good hygiene
Iron-deficiency anemia	Decreased red blood cell count due to low iron levels	Fatigue, weakness	Blood tests	Iron supplements, iron-rich diet
Interstitial cystitis	Chronic bladder condition causing pain and urgency	Pelvic pain, frequent urination	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Bladder training, dietary changes, pain management
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)	Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract	Abdominal pain, diarrhea	Clinical evaluation, endoscopy	Medication management, dietary changes
Inguinal hernia	Protrusion of tissue through the abdominal wall	Groin pain, bulge	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Surgical repair, lifestyle modifications

J

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Jaundice	Yellowing of the skin and eyes	Yellow discoloration, fatigue	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Treat underlying cause, rest, manage symptoms
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)	Chronic joint inflammation in children	Joint pain, swelling	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Medication, physical therapy, joint exercises
Jet lag	Sleep disorder due to rapid time zone changes	Fatigue, sleep disturbances	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Adjust sleep schedule, stay hydrated, manage fatigue

K

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Kidney stones	Hard deposits in the kidneys	Abdominal pain, blood in urine	Clinical evaluation, imaging tests	Pain management, increased fluid intake, dietary changes
Keratitis	Inflammation of the cornea	Eye pain, blurred vision	Clinical evaluation, eye examination	Medication, eye drops, protect the eyes

L

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Leukemia	Cancer of the blood cells	Fatigue, recurrent infections	Blood tests, bone marrow biopsy	Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant
Lymphoma	Cancer of the lymphatic system	Swollen lymph nodes, fatigue	Biopsy, imaging tests	Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy
Lupus	Autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs	Fatigue, joint pain	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Medication management, sun protection, lifestyle changes
Laryngitis	Inflammation of the voice box	Hoarseness, sore throat	Clinical evaluation, laryngoscopy	Rest the voice, stay hydrated, avoid irritants
Lyme disease	Bacterial infection transmitted by ticks	Rash, flu-like symptoms	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Antibiotics, symptom management, tick avoidance
Liver cirrhosis	Scarring of the liver	Fatigue, abdominal swelling	Imaging tests, liver function tests	Manage underlying cause, medication, lifestyle changes
Malaria	Parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes	Fever, chills	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Antimalarial medication, mosquito bite prevention
Migraine	Recurring severe headaches	Throbbing head pain, nausea	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Pain management, lifestyle adjustments, avoid triggers

M

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Multiple sclerosis (MS)	Chronic neurological disease	Fatigue, muscle weakness	Clinical evaluation, imaging tests	Medication, physical therapy, symptom management
Measles	Highly contagious viral infection	Rash, fever	Clinical evaluation, characteristic rash	Rest, stay hydrated, manage symptoms
Mumps	Viral infection causing swelling of the salivary glands	Swollen cheeks, fever	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Rest, stay hydrated, pain management
Melanoma	Malignant skin cancer	Skin changes, moles	Clinical evaluation, biopsy	Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)	Blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle	Chest pain, shortness of breath	Clinical evaluation, ECG	Emergency medical care, medication, lifestyle changes
Migraine	Recurring severe headaches	Throbbing head pain, nausea	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Pain management, lifestyle adjustments, avoid triggers
Motion sickness	Condition causing nausea and dizziness during motion	Nausea, vomiting	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Avoid triggers, medication, acupressure bands
Menopause	End of menstruation and reproductive years	Hot flashes, mood changes	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Symptom management, hormone replacement therapy
Muscular dystrophy	Genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness	Muscle weakness, loss of coordination	Genetic testing	Supportive care, physical therapy, assistive devices

N

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Norovirus infection	Highly contagious viral gastrointestinal infection	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea	Clinical evaluation, stool analysis	Rest, stay hydrated, manage symptoms
Nephrolithiasis	Kidney stones	Abdominal pain, blood in urine	Clinical evaluation, imaging tests	Pain management, increased fluid intake, dietary changes
Narcolepsy	Sleep disorder causing excessive daytime sleepiness	Excessive sleepiness	Clinical evaluation, sleep study	Medication, lifestyle adjustments, scheduled naps
Nail fungus infection	Fungal infection of the nails	Thickened, discolored nails	Clinical evaluation, nail sample analysis	Antifungal medications, proper nail hygiene
Night sweats	Excessive sweating during sleep	Profuse sweating, disrupted sleep	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Address underlying cause, manage sleep environment
Nutritional deficiencies	Lack of essential nutrients in the diet	Fatigue, weakness	Blood tests	Nutritional supplements, balanced diet
Nasal congestion	Blockage or stuffiness in the nasal passages	Stuffy nose, difficulty breathing	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Saline nasal sprays, decongestants
Neck pain	Pain or discomfort in the neck	Stiffness, limited range of motion	Physical examination, medical history	Pain management, heat or cold therapy
Neuropathy	Nerve damage	Numbness, tingling	Clinical evaluation, nerve tests	Medication management, pain relief techniques

O

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Osteoarthritis	Degenerative joint disease	Joint pain, stiffness	Clinical evaluation, imaging tests	Medication, physical therapy, lifestyle modifications
Osteoporosis	Decreased bone density	Bone fractures, loss of height	Bone density scan, medical history	Calcium, vitamin D, exercise, fall prevention
Otitis media	Middle ear infection	Ear pain, hearing loss	Clinical evaluation, otoscope examination	Antibiotics, pain management, ear drops
Obstructive sleep apnea	Sleep disorder causing interrupted breathing during sleep	Snoring, daytime sleepiness	Clinical evaluation, sleep study	Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine
Oral thrush	Fungal infection in the mouth	White patches, sore throat	Clinical evaluation, swab tests	Antifungal medication, good oral hygiene

P

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Pneumonia	Infection of the lungs	Cough, fever, difficulty breathing	Clinical evaluation, chest X-ray	Antibiotics, rest, stay hydrated
Parkinson’s disease	Progressive neurological disorder	Tremors, stiffness	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Medication management, physical therapy, support
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)	Hormonal disorder affecting the ovaries	Irregular periods, weight gain	Clinical evaluation, hormone tests	Medication management, lifestyle changes
Panic disorder	Recurring panic attacks	Intense fear, rapid heartbeat	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Therapy, relaxation techniques, medication management
Peptic ulcer disease	Sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum	Abdominal pain, indigestion	Clinical evaluation, endoscopy	Medication, dietary modifications, stress reduction
Psoriasis	Chronic autoimmune skin condition	Red, scaly patches	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Topical treatments, medication, light therapy
Plantar fasciitis	Inflammation of the tissue in the foot	Heel pain, stiffness	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Rest, stretching exercises, orthotic shoe inserts
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)	Physical and emotional symptoms before menstruation	Mood swings, bloating	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Lifestyle changes, medication management
Prostate cancer	Cancer of the prostate gland	Urinary problems, pain	Clinical evaluation, biopsy	Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Pneumothorax	Collapsed lung	Chest pain, shortness of breath	Clinical evaluation, chest X-ray	Hospitalization, chest tube insertion
Panic disorder	Recurring panic attacks	Intense fear, rapid heartbeat	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Therapy, relaxation techniques, medication management

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Quinsy (Peritonsillar abscess)	Infection and abscess in the throat	Sore throat, difficulty swallowing	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Antibiotics, pain management, rest
Quickening	First fetal movements during pregnancy	Sensations of fetal movement	Self-identification	Monitor fetal movements, inform healthcare provider

R

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Rheumatoid arthritis	Chronic autoimmune disease affecting the joints	Joint pain, stiffness	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Medication management, physical therapy, lifestyle changes
Rosacea	Chronic skin condition causing facial redness	Facial flushing, redness	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Avoid triggers, gentle skincare routine
Ringworm	Fungal infection of the skin	Red, itchy, circular rash	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Antifungal medication, good hygiene
Restless legs syndrome	Neurological disorder causing uncomfortable sensations in the legs	Leg discomfort, urge to move	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Medication management, lifestyle adjustments
Raynaud’s disease	Blood vessel spasms in response to cold or stress	Cold, numb fingers or toes	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Keep warm, stress management, avoid triggers
Rhinitis	Inflammation of the nasal passages	Sneezing, runny nose	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Allergen avoidance, nasal sprays, antihistamines
Rabies	Viral infection transmitted through animal bites	Fever, agitation	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Immediate medical attention, post-exposure vaccination
Rhabdomyolysis	Breakdown of muscle tissue	Muscle pain, dark urine	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Fluid replacement, rest, treat underlying cause

S

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Stroke	Interruption of blood supply to the brain	Numbness, weakness, slurred speech	Clinical evaluation, brain imaging	Emergency medical care, rehabilitation
Schizophrenia	Chronic mental disorder with altered perception	Delusions, hallucinations	Clinical evaluation, psychiatric evaluation	Medication management, therapy, support
Sinusitis	Inflammation of the sinuses	Facial pain, nasal congestion	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Rest, nasal irrigation, pain relief
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)	Depressive disorder during certain seasons	Depressed mood, fatigue	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Light therapy, counseling, self-care
Shingles	Viral infection causing painful skin rash	Rash, blisters, nerve pain	Clinical evaluation, characteristic rash	Antiviral medication, pain management, rest
Sleep apnea	Breathing pauses during sleep	Loud snoring, daytime sleepiness	Clinical evaluation, sleep study	Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine
Stomach ulcer	Sore in the lining of the stomach or small intestine	Abdominal pain, indigestion	Clinical evaluation, endoscopy	Medication, dietary modifications, stress reduction
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)	Infections transmitted through sexual contact	Various symptoms	Clinical evaluation, lab tests	Medication management, safe sex practices
Sprained ankle	Overstretching or tearing of ligaments in the ankle	Pain, swelling, instability	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), rehabilitation
Sunburn	Skin damage due to excessive sun exposure	Redness, pain, blistering	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Cool compresses, moisturizers, pain relief
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)	Chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs	Fatigue, joint pain	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Medication management, sun protection, lifestyle changes

T

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Tuberculosis (TB)	Bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs	Cough, fever, weight loss	Clinical evaluation, imaging tests	Antibiotics, isolation, medication adherence
Tonsillitis	Inflammation of the tonsils	Sore throat, difficulty swallowing	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Rest, fluids, pain relief, antibiotics (if bacterial)
Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ disorder)	Dysfunction of the jaw joint	Jaw pain, clicking or popping jaw	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Pain management, jaw exercises, stress reduction
Tendinitis	Inflammation of a tendon	Pain, swelling	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), physical therapy
Thyroid disorders	Abnormal function of the thyroid gland	Fatigue, weight changes	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Medication management, hormone replacement therapy
Tinnitus	Perception of sound in the ears without external source	Ringing, buzzing	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Manage underlying cause, sound therapy, relaxation
Tennis elbow	Inflammation of the tendons in the elbow	Elbow pain, weakness	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), physical therapy
Toxoplasmosis	Infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii	Flu-like symptoms, fatigue	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Medication, hygiene practices, avoid cat litter
Trichomoniasis	Sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite	Vaginal discharge, itching	Clinical evaluation, lab tests	Medication, safe sex practices
Tonsilloliths	Small, hard deposits that form in the tonsils	Bad breath, throat discomfort	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Gargling, good oral hygiene, surgical removal (if needed)
Thrush	Fungal infection in the mouth or throat	White patches, sore throat	Clinical evaluation, swab tests	Antifungal medication, good oral hygiene
Testicular cancer	Cancer of the testicles	Testicular lump, pain	Clinical evaluation, ultrasound	Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Trichotillomania	Compulsive hair pulling disorder	Hair loss, tension	Clinical evaluation, psychiatric evaluation	Therapy, support, stress management
Torticollis	Neck muscle stiffness causing head tilt	Neck pain, limited range of motion	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Physical therapy, pain management

U

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Urinary tract infection (UTI)	Bacterial infection of the urinary tract	Frequent urination, burning sensation	Clinical evaluation, urine tests	Antibiotics, increased fluid intake
Ulcerative colitis	Chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon	Abdominal pain, diarrhea	Clinical evaluation, endoscopy	Medication management, dietary changes, stress reduction
Urticaria (Hives)	Allergic reaction causing itchy, raised skin welts	Itchy, red welts	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Identify and avoid triggers, antihistamines

V

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Varicose veins	Enlarged, twisted veins near the surface of the skin	Bulging veins, leg pain	Clinical evaluation, physical examination	Compression stockings, exercise, leg elevation
Vertigo	Sensation of spinning or dizziness	Dizziness, loss of balance	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Medication, vestibular rehabilitation, lifestyle changes
Vitamin deficiency	Insufficient levels of essential vitamins	Fatigue, weakness	Blood tests	Nutritional supplements, balanced diet
Vulvovaginitis	Inflammation of the vulva and vagina	Vaginal itching, discharge	Clinical evaluation, pelvic examination	Medication, good hygiene practices

W

Disease	Description	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Home Management
Whiplash	Neck injury due to rapid back-and-forth motion	Neck pain, stiffness	Clinical evaluation, medical history	Rest, pain management, physical therapy
Whooping cough (Pertussis)	Highly contagious bacterial respiratory infection	Cough, “whooping” sound	Clinical evaluation, lab tests	Antibiotics, supportive care, vaccination
Wilson’s disease	Genetic disorder causing copper buildup in the body	Liver and neurological symptoms	Clinical evaluation, blood tests	Medication, dietary modifications, regular monitoring