INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS is known as Glandular Fever
ETIOLOGY OF GLANDULAR FEVER
Causative organisms are Ebstein Barr virus it is a type of DNA virus,oncogenic virus
SPREAD
occur via droplet infection. rarely blood borne
INCUBATION PERIOD OF GLANDULAR FEVER
1 -2 months.
The virus infect the epithelium then establish in B-lymphocytes.
CLINICAL FEATURES OF GLANDULAR FEVER
-Fever (gradual increase up to 39 °C then decline over 7 days)
-Sore throat
-Fatigue
-maculopapular Skin rash
-Tonsillopharyngitis with thick white membrane over the tonsils.
-Generalized lymphadenopathy.
-Splenomegaly
-Hepatitis.
INVESTIGATIONS
1-Absolute lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes.
2-Detection of heterophil antibodies by Paul Bunelle test & monospot test.
3-Detection of EBV lgM. (specific) .
COMPLICATIONS
1-Upper airway obstruction by enlarged tonsils.
2-Pneumonia
3-Myocarditis.
4-Rupture of spleen; even with minor trauma.
5-Hematologic disorders:
-Aplastic anemia.
-Auto immune hemolytic anemia.
-Thrombocytopenia.
6-Rarely:
-Meningitis & encephalitis.
-Parotitis.
-Pancreatitis.
-Orchitis.
TREATMENT
Symptomatic treatment:
-Antipyretic
-Bed rest
-Avoid contact sports in the first 2-3 weeks (to avoid rupture spleen).
* Steroids for:
-Tonsillar enlargement with upper airways obstruction.
-Auto immune hemolytic anemia.
-Thrombocytopenia.
-Seizures and meningitis.